湖相介形类壳体微量元素在古环境重建中的应用     

姜高磊  刘林敬  毛欣 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2020,40(2):192-199

湖相介形类壳体微量元素(本文主要指Mg和Sr)是重建古环境的重要指标之一,可以定性或定量地反映湖水信息。自20世纪80年开始应用以来,经过30余年的发展取得了很大进展。在古环境重建过程中主要存在两类影响因素:(1)其宿生水体中M/Ca比值(M主要指Mg和Sr)的影响因素:季节变化、微环境差异和湖泊演化过程,这类因素通过对宿生水体中M/Ca比值来影响介形虫壳体中的M/Ca比值,进而造成古环境重建结果的误差增大或可靠性降低;(2)介形类壳体微量元素分配系数的影响因素:宿生水体中M/Ca比值、温度、碱度等,这类因素能够直接影响介形类壳体分泌、钙化的生命-化学过程的因素,是定量重建的重要影响因素。加强现代介形类生活习性和微量元素组成变化过程的研究可以消除或减小以上影响因素对古环境重建的影响,提高介形类壳体化石中微量元素组成在古环境重建研究中的精度和可靠性。  相似文献   

砾石单元法与SPH耦合模型在数值波浪水槽中的应用研究     

李彦卿  别社安  李大鸣  王鑫 《海洋科学》2020,44(9):100-111

为研究以流体粒子描述波浪运动，以固体单元描述砾石运动的两相介质大变形运动，在港口、海岸工程科学研究中具有重要意义。本文提出砾石单元法（GEM），介绍了光滑粒子动力学方法（SPH）和GEM的基本原理，阐述了GEM与离散单元法（DEM）的异同之处，说明了采用SPH方法与GEM构建波浪砾石耦合运动数学模型的方法和过程。应用SPH方法建立数值波浪水槽，用GEM模拟波浪作用下堆积砾石的滚落、坍塌变形，构建了SPH方法与GEM耦合数学模型。模拟了水槽造波和波浪生成过程和波浪作用下砾石的滚落、坍塌变形，并与物理模型试验成果进行了比较，结果基本吻合。本文提出的GEM法具有模拟单相堆积砾石运动和堆积砾石与流体粒子耦合多相介质运动的功能，是对DEM法的补充和改善。本文提出的堆积力学球概念和拟序排列求解方法是砾石单元法的重要组成部分。  相似文献   

河北省沿海风暴潮特征及成因分析     

褚芹芹  张万磊  洪新  李杰  张彦龙  张建乐 《海洋预报》2020,37(1):18-27

以秦皇岛、京唐港、曹妃甸、黄骅4个验潮站的实测潮位和逐时风的数据为基础,以2013年河北省政府发布的风暴潮四色警戒潮位值为标准,统计了2008-2017年10 a河北省沿海的风暴潮过程,从警报级别、区域分布、时间分布、天气系统、经济损失5个方面分析河北省沿海风暴潮特征,并从地形、天文潮与天气系统配合、海平面上升、全球变暖引发的气候异常4个方面分析了影响河北省沿海风暴潮的成因,分析得出:受天气系统的影响,7-10月是河北省风暴潮高发时段,且由于河北省岸线分布特点,沧州市沿海受到风暴潮影响的次数最多,唐山和秦皇岛次之,沧州和唐山地区的风暴潮过程多由东北向大风引起,而秦皇岛地区的风暴潮过程多由东南向风引起。  相似文献   

基于地租理论的养殖用海海域使用金定价机制探讨          下载免费PDF全文

郭昕  纪建悦  许瑞恒 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(12):31-36

为进一步推动我国海域有偿使用制度的顺利实施、促进海域资源市场化的有效运作以及提升海洋资源的开发利用效率，文章以养殖用海海域为例，概述地租理论的发展历程、我国养殖用海海域使用金征收现状和海水质量状况以及基于地租视角的养殖用海海域使用金制定标准。研究结果表明:我国养殖用海海域使用金的制定存在年代久远、现势性较差以及不同地区差别较大等问题；为在经济层面上实现海域所有权，国家应向海域使用者征收绝对海租；由于海水质量和地理位置等因素直接影响养殖用海等海域开发利用活动的整体效果和经济利益，也应根据不同资源禀赋收取级差海租。因此，从地租角度考察养殖用海海域使用金的制定，应是绝对地租和级差地租的综合体现。  相似文献   

圆筒型FPSO优化设计与水动力性能分析     

赵治民  李焱  唐友刚  何鑫  童波 《海洋工程》2020,38(1):11-19

针对圆筒型海上储油装置FPSO垂荡运动性能较差、无法安装干式井口的问题,设计了带延伸筒体与矩形阻尼结构的圆筒型FPSO,根据延伸筒体与矩形阻尼结构是否通海分为两种型式。建立水动力计算模型,比较分析不同延伸筒体和阻尼结构型式对FPSO水动力性能的影响。针对南海作业海域,设计了悬链式系泊系统,基于JONSWAP波浪谱对FPSO的运动进行时域预报,并对系泊系统进行校核。分析结果表明:通海型FPSO垂荡固有周期显著提升,可以错开南海百年一遇谱峰周期,通海型FPSO满足钻井、安装干式井口的运动响应要求,系泊系统系缆张力满足规范要求。  相似文献   

基于Stokes-Helmert边值理论的大地水准面计算模型改化及分析检验          下载免费PDF全文

黄谟涛  邓凯亮  陈欣  吴太旗  陆秀平  欧阳永忠  翟国君  刘敏  王许 《海洋测绘》2020,40(5):1-8

针对源自Stokes-Helmert边值理论的大地水准面计算模型适用性问题,首先详细解析了Stokes-Helmert方法的基本原理和计算模型,研究探讨了该方法与其他现有方法的关联性和差异性,分析比较了Stokes-Helmert计算模型和相同类型模型的技术特点,提出了Stokes-Helmert计算模型的实用改化方法,同时设计了4种分步改化模型的实验验证方案,使用超高阶位模型EGM2008作为数值模拟标准场,对分步改化模型的计算效果进行了数值精度检核,并开展了数据观测噪声影响评估检验,得出了一些有参考和实际应用价值的研究结论。在一定条件下,使用改化Stokes-Helmert方法计算(似)大地水准面可获得优于2cm的内符合度。  相似文献   

RESEARCH ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES OF SU-XI-CHANG FAULT          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Peng  ZHANG Yuan-yuan  XU Han-gang  LIU Jian-da  CHEN Jian-qiang  LI Li-mei  LI Jin-liang  GU Qin-ping  JIANG Xin 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1172-1184

Running across the urban areas of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou, the NW-trending Su-Xi-Chang Fault is an important buried fault in Yangtze River Delta. In the respect of structural geomorphology, hilly landform is developed along the southwest side of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault, and a series of lakes and relatively low-lying depressions are developed on its northeast side, which is an important landform and neotectonic boundary line. The fault controlled the Jurassic and Cretaceous stratigraphic sedimentary and Cenozoic volcanic activities, and also has obvious control effects on the modern geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphic distribution. Su-Xi-Chang Fault is one of the target faults of the project "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Changzhou City" and "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Suzhou City". Hidden in the ground with thick cover layer, few researches have been done on this fault in the past. The study on the activity characteristics and the latest activity era of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is of great significance for the prevention and reduction of earthquake disaster losses caused by the destructive earthquakes to the cities of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou. Based on shallow seismic exploration and drilling joint profiling method, Quaternary activities and distribution characteristics of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault are analyzed systematically. Shallow seismic exploration results show that the south branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Suzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the north-east, with a dip angle of about 60° and a displacement of 3~5m on the bedrock surface. The north branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Changzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the south, with a dip angle of about 55°~70° and a displacement of 4~12m on the bedrock surface. All breakpoints of Su-Xi-Chang Fault on the seismic exploration profiles show that only the bedrock surface was dislocated, not the interior strata of the Quaternary. On the drilling joint profile in the Dongqiao site of Suzhou, the latest activity of the south branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting, with maximum displacement of 2.9m in the upper part of Lower Pleistocene, and the Middle Pleistocene has not been dislocated by the fault. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 3.7m in the Neogene stratum. On the drilling joint profile in the Chaoyang Road site of Changzhou, the latest activity of the north branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting too, with maximum displacement of 2.8m in the bottom layer of the Middle Pleistocene. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 10.2m in the bedrock surface. Combining the above results, we conclude that the latest activity era of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is early Middle Pleistocene. The Su-Xi-Chang Fault was dominated by the sinistral normal faulting in the pre-Quaternary period, and turned into sinistral reverse faulting after the early Pleistocene, with displacement of about 3m in the Quaternary strata. The maximum magnitude of potential earthquake on the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is estimated to be 6.0.  相似文献   

Analysis of Paleoseismic Events of Dahuzhuang Trench at the Xiadian Fault     

DENG Mei  SHEN Jun  LI Xi  DAI Xunye  LIU Zezhong  LI Kechang  JIAO Xuankai 《中国地震研究》2019,33(3):437-450

The Xiadian Fault is a very important concealed active fault in the Beijing Plain. It is the seismogenic fault of the Sanhe-Pinggu M_S8.0 earthquake in 1679. The ancient earthquake sequence in the long historical period is of great significance to understand accurately the activity characteristics of the fault and effectively reduce the earthquake disaster risk in Beijing. We have re-interpreted the Dahuzhuang trench, and identified three layers of buried paleosol, six collapsed wedges and one sand liquefaction event. Further, through the comparison with the landmark strata and paleo-earthquake events revealed by other trenches on the fault, an ancient earthquake sequence with a long historical period of the Xiadian Fault was established:since the 31ka, the Xiadian Fault has 11 occurrences of earthquake events (including the 1679 earthquake), and the average recurrence interval is about 2.8ka. The paleo-seismic sequence also shows that there is an ancient earthquake cluster period from 25ka to 15ka, and there are 5 strong earthquakes in the cluster period. The average recurrence interval is about 2.0ka, which reflects the phase difference of the Xiadian Fault activity.  相似文献   

基于手机位置数据的地震灾情指标选择     

庞晓克  聂高众  张昕  李华癑  夏朝旭  范熙伟  魏本勇 《中国地震》2019,35(1):144-157

选取四川阿坝州九寨沟县MS7.0地震、新疆博尔塔拉州精河县MS6.6地震、四川广元市青川县MS5.4地震作为案例分析,绘制活跃Wi Fi数量、无线网络联网设备数量、汇总在线设备数量、活跃基站数量等4种地震灾情指标在地震发生前后数量变化的折线图。根据与地震前1天变化情况的对比分析,验证地震灾情指标的可用性,选取出效果好的指标,这对进一步研究震后快速获取极震区位置、影响场方向等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

地震速报区域的自动确认——以内蒙古测震台网为例     

张珂  王鑫  郝美仙  苏柱金  刘芳 《中国地震》2019,35(4):753-761

针对当前省级区域测震台网在判别边界地震是否需要速报的问题，基于内蒙古自治区行政区域的边界数据，利用几何学中包络线原理，在Matlab中将内蒙古地震速报范围以包络线的形式呈现，解译Msdp地震分析软件的数据接口，实现内蒙古地震速报区域在Msdp软件中的自动确认；对比分析地震速报区域自动确认功能的结果与现阶段手动量取方式判别地震事件是否需要速报的结果，表明地震速报区域的自动确认可提高速报业务软件系统的自动化程度，简化地震速报工作的操作流程，减少速报用时，提高速报工作的准确度。  相似文献